The Best in Style :: Writing Writers Essays

The Best in Style ‘Style’ is a thought that can mean various things to various individuals. Some prefer to characterize it as far as ‘being one's self’ and conflicting with the standard. In any case, subsequent to perusing two conspicuous style guides, Style Towards Clarity and Grace, and The Elements of Style, I started to frame an alternate view regarding the matter in accordance with composing. While endeavoring ‘good style’ and ‘good writing,’ journalists should attempt to be unique and not adhere to each standard strictly, yet at the same time follow some regular composing components. Many can build ease of use for perusers. An essayist could make something totally one of a kind and the just one who'd ‘get it’ may act naturally. In Style, John M. Williams says it along these lines: Yet anyway well an author gets standards, it isn't sufficient for the individuals who additionally need to verbalize that understanding to others(2). Exc ept if we're writing in a journal, we write to ‘talk’ to others and the style rules help in this. That is the place the style manuals come. The two of them plot numerous valuable components, and yet contain some that aren't required by everybody. The first of these manuals is The Elements of Style. Of the two manuals read in the class, this one had the least data yet the most noteworthy convenience. It diagrams language structure, utilization, and style components into straightforward sections lead by headers. The methodology forfeits the profundity that is offered in Style, however takes into consideration snappier referencing. The principal area of Components traces the vast majority of the normal use and sentence structure rules. A few models are Utilize legitimate instance of formal person, place or thing, and Utilize a colon after an autonomous condition to present a list†¦(Struck and White 7-9). Some would discover these standards evident or repetitive. They don't ensure extraordinary composition or style, however its more uncertain that you'll make useable works without them. Consistent language alone guides the progression of perusing. Different blunders may back the peruser off and occupy center to the mistakes as opposed to the central matter. Considerably following quite a while of school, its normal to discover utilization and language structure botches in my very own portion papers; consequently, I could utilize a lot of what's in here. The following area of Components discusses standards of piece. It's like the utilization segment in that nothing alone recorded will make extraordinary composition, however observing a few principles will improve composing bound to occur.

Emily Dickinson’s This was a Poet- it is That Essay -- Poet Poem Poeti

Emily Dickinson’s This was a Poet-it is That Emily Dickinson was an unrecognized artist her entire life. Her nearby relatives perceived her ability, and her needs to compose verse, yet the abstract foundation of her time would not perceive her aptitude. Despite the fact that she was unrecognized, she was still unobtrusively engaging the built up sees through her verse. Her artistic battle was uncovered after her passing since, while living, just five of her sonnets were distributed. A significant number of her sonnets were a response to the dismissal of numerous distributers and other artistic pundits. This specific poem’s character originates from Dickinson’s response to Ralph Waldo Emerson’s articulation that â€Å"poets are accordingly freeing gods.† Here she is testing the set up literati by addressing well known Emersonian sees. Specifically, this sonnet is a response to Emerson’s conviction that â€Å"the writer is the sayer, the namer, and speaks to beauty.† Basically, it is a response to the possibility that the artist is the maker of wonderful words, freeing the average citizens by giving them words they would not approach. This was a Poet  ­ It is That by Emily Dickinson This was a Poet  ­ It is That Distils stunning sense From conventional Meanings - What's more, Attar so massive From the recognizable species That died by the Door - We wonder it was not Ourselves Captured it - previously Of Pictures, the Discloser  ­ The Poet  ­ it is He  ­ Entitles Us  ­ on the other hand - To constant Poverty - Of Portion  ­ so oblivious - The Robbing  ­ couldn't hurt - Himself  ­ to Him  ­ a Fortune - Outside  ­ to Time  ­ In the principal refrain the creator is depicting the job of the writer. The artist is one who reproduces an unpredictable view, or makes a s... ...nd the average citizen, the two survivors of the relationship they have with one another. In spite of the fact that she agrees with Emerson that the writer is a namer, she can't help contradicting a portion of his different musings. Through this sonnet, Dickinson is separating herself from the Poets of her time. She doesn't view herself as a looter nobleman of words. She likewise decides to deny that the writers are freeing divine beings since she feels that the artist is in truth overwhelming the standard individual, not freeing them. Rather, Dickinson decides to classify herself with the customary individuals. She is censuring Emerson’s evident conviction that the artist is over the normal man. He considers himself a freeing God since he is a writer when Dickinson simply needs to be an ordinary individual who is an artist. Dickinson wouldn't like to be over the conventional individual in a stooping manner, yet needs to be among them.

Information About Commonly Abused Drugs

Information About Commonly Abused Drugs Addiction Drug Use Print Commonly Abused Drugs By Buddy T facebook twitter Buddy T is an anonymous writer and founding member of the Online Al-Anon Outreach Committee with decades of experience writing about alcoholism. Learn about our editorial policy Buddy T Medically reviewed by Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on September 09, 2016 Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Medical Review Board Steven Gans, MD Updated on February 15, 2020 More in Addiction Drug Use Cocaine Heroin Marijuana Meth Ecstasy/MDMA Hallucinogens Opioids Prescription Medications Alcohol Use Addictive Behaviors Nicotine Use Coping and Recovery An  estimated 53.2 million Americans age 12 and over report that they currently use illicit drugs, according to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).??  That means about 19 percent of the U.S.  population admits using illegal drugs, which fall into ten categories including marijuana, cocaine, methamphetamine, heroin, hallucinogens and inhalants; and prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives used for non-medical purposes. The most commonly abused drugs are listed below in the order of their popularity in the United States  from the most popular to the least. Use of alcohol and tobacco products, while illegal for youths, is not included in NSDUH survey data. Marijuana Of the 53.2 million illicit drug users reported  by NSDUH, 43.5 million of them note having used marijuana within the past year, making it the most widely used drug in the country.?? Marijuana is sometimes called a gateway drug because it tends to be the first illegal drug young people use. The legalization of marijuana for medical purposes and recreational use in some states has influenced a rapid increase in the number of people who use the drug because its use is now viewed by many young people as less harmful. Colorado legalized recreational marijuana in 2014. According to a 2019 survey released by the Rocky Mountain High-Intensity Drug Trafficking Area (HIDTA) office, use of the drug by young people in the state is now 40 percent higher than the national average.?? The HIDRA report is disputed by some observers. Learn more about marijuana: Basic Facts About MarijuanaThe main active ingredient in marijuana is THC (delta 9 tetrahydrocannabinol).The Health Effects of MarijuanaStudies show that marijuana use can cause many different health problems.Frequently Asked Questions for FamiliesHow is marijuana used? How long does it stay in your system?Marijuana Photo GalleryWhat does marijuana look like? There are different types and forms. Psychotherapeutics The second-largest drug problem in the United States  today is the non-medical use of certain prescription medications. The NSDUH report combines four categories of these (prescription-type pain relievers, tranquilizers, stimulants, and sedatives) into a category called psychotherapeutics. The non-medical use of these drugs is defined as use without a prescription or simply the use for the experience or feeling the drugs caused. The NSDUH survey estimates that 16.9 million people misused psychotherapeutic drugs in the past month, including 9.9 million people who misused prescription pain relievers.?? The use of prescription-tracking systems and a law enforcement crackdown on pill mills have slowed the growth of the prescription drug addiction epidemic, but it remains a growing public health concern. Learn more about a few psychotherapeutic drugs that are commonly abused: Basic Facts About OxyContinPrescribed to help relieve chronic pain, it is highly addictive.CodeineHow long does codeine remain in the body?MorphineCommonly prescribed for pain that cant be relieved by other painkillersFentanylTypically prescribed to treat breakthrough pain while taking other pain medicationAmphetamineCan cause a wide variety of negative health effects when abusedBarbituratesThe danger of sedative overdose is very high when it is abused. Cocaine An estimated 5.5 million Americans  used cocaine or crack cocaine in the year prior to the survey. Depending on the form of the drug, cocaine can be snorted, injected, and even smoked. In all cases, cocaine is a strong central nervous system stimulant that affects the brains processing of dopamine. Cocaine use in the United States  has fallen significantly from the height of its popularity in the 1980s, but in some segments of society, it is still available and popular. Basic Facts About CocaineCocaine is extracted from the leaves of the South American coca plant.Health Effects of CocaineNegative health effects from cocaine use can range from mild to very severe.Frequently Asked Questions About CocaineHow is cocaine used? What is crack cocaine?Cocaine and Crack Photo GalleryCocaine and crack cocaine can appear in various shapes and forms. Hallucinogens Hallucinogens include a variety of substancesâ€"LSD, PCP, peyote, mescaline, psilocybin mushrooms and othersâ€"all of which can be abused. An estimated 5.6 million people in the United States used hallucinogens.?? The use of hallucinogens probably peaked in the hippie movement of the 1960s and 1970s, but they are still around; plenty of young people are willing to experiment with their mind-altering effects. Frequently Asked Questions About HallucinogensWhat is the difference between hallucinogens and dissociative drugs?LSDExactly how LSD affects the human brain is not completely understood.PCPMedical use of PCP was stopped when patients reported psychotic reactions.MescalineIt comes from the small peyote cactus plant, but can also be man-made.PsilocybinThe effect of the drug can be very unpredictable. Ecstasy Another drug included in the NSDUHs hallucinogens category is ecstasy, or MDMA (3,4-methylendioxymethamphetamine). MDMAâ€"also called molly, ecstasy, or XTC on the streetâ€"is a synthetic, psychoactive, mind-altering drug with hallucinogenic and amphetamine-like properties. Ecstasy  began as a favorite of young people attending raves, but officials indicate its use has moved into other segments of society in recent years. Basic Facts About EcstasyKnown for its energizing effect, as well as distortions in time and perceptionFrequently Asked Questions About EcstasyWhat does Molly do to the brain? Is it addictive?Ecstasy Photo GalleryPictures of many different styles of ecstasy pills Methamphetamine Prior to the 2015 NSDUH study, methamphetamine was included in the psychotherapeutics category of drugs because it is legally available by prescription (Desoxyn). Recognizing that most of the meth available today is produced and distributed illegally, the survey made meth its own category. An estimated 897,000 people 12 or older are current users of methamphetamine, which is made from ingredients that include over-the-counter medications. Methamphetamine, especially crystal methamphetamine, pose specific health threats, particularly if it is taken intravenously. A move by many states to place allergy and cold medicationsâ€"which are used to produce illegal methâ€"behind the counter has reduced the number of clandestine meth labs throughout the country. However, international drug cartels have reportedly stepped in to supply the continued demand for the highly-addictive drug. Basic Facts About MethamphetamineThe effects of meth vary depending on how it is used.Health Effects of MethamphetamineMeth has a long list of short- and long-term effects.Methamphetamine Photo GalleryPhotographs of methamphetamine in several different forms Inhalants Inhalants are breathable chemical vapors that produce psychoactive (mind-altering) effects that  are often abused by young people because they are not illegal and are easily accessible. An estimated 2 million people use inhalants each month. Inhalants are most popular among very young children who are trying to get high. As they grow older, teens find ways to get other drugs, mostly alcohol  and marijuana. Of the users of inhalants in the United States, the largest percentage of usage is in the 12 to 17 age group, according to NSDUH estimates. Basic Facts About InhalantsChildren use inhalants because they are usually easy to get.Frequently Asked Questions About InhalantsWhat are inhalants? What are the medical consequences of long-term use? Heroin Although illegal and very addicting, heroin use, unfortunately, has made something of a comeback as a chic drug among todays young people who snort or smoke it instead of injecting it. About 808,000 people were identified as heroin users in the United States. In recent years, heroin has seen an increase in use, which has been blamed on the crackdown on prescription pain-pill abuse. As pain medication became more expensive and more difficult to obtain, those abusing the pills who lived in urban areas began to turn to cheaper, more available heroin, officials believe. Now, even in poor, rural areas of the countryâ€"such as Appalachia, where drugs like oxycontin are referred to as hillbilly heroinâ€"an increase in actual heroin use has been reported in recent years by health and law enforcement officials. Basic Facts About HeroinThe main risks of heroin use are addiction and possible overdose.Health Effects of HeroinHeroin affects the central nervous system almost immediately.Frequently Asked Questions About HeroinWhy are users at risk for AIDS? What are the treatments for heroin addiction?Heroin Photo GalleryImages show the appearance of the different types of heroin Getting Help If you think that you have developed a problem with drugs or you believe you are addicted, you dont have to deal with it by yourself. You can get help. There are many resources available to help you kick the habit and gain control over your life. You might want to seek professional treatment or join a mutual support group. If you have already stopped using drugs, you might want to see Tips for Staying Clean and Sober.

A Realist Look - 993 Words

The End of St. Petersburg: A Realist Look Two years ago, I made my first film. It was called â€Å"Freelance† and I wanted to make a more realistic-looking film. I don’t like quick cutting or jump cuts. So, I wanted to have longer takes, pans, and medium shots. I would only use close-ups only when it was necessary. I always felt that having too much cutting in a film, jump cuts, and too many close-ups took away from the viewer. I felt that it wouldn’t leave any room for development and give the audience an unsatisfied understanding of the characters’ development. Too much cutting would still allow you to watch the whole story, however it would not let you question any motives or even allow you breathing space to compile all the things you†¦show more content†¦This is where they manipulate the audience and thus preventing them from formulating their own meanings. As for Realism, the materials in reality should be able to speak for themselves. Realists strive mainly for allowing the audienc e to interpret their work in their own ways, by allowing abstractions, questions, or interpretations to come out. This is accomplished by intentional ambiguity and not emphasizing any specific aspects of their film. Realists achieve and rely heavily on cinematography, not editing, or doing so as little as possible. As for cinematography, that includes long shots, wide screen, lengthy takes, deep focus, panning, craning, or tilting. Realists allow the audience to make observations that they should make and opinions instead of being guided by a filmmaker’s desired reactions. However, a director should put his personal vision and beliefs into his or her film but let the people decide what they think. As for me and my film â€Å"Freelance,† I wanted to leave questions about the people that you see throughout the film. Was there a back story? Do you feel like the character had some personality? And I left an open ending to my film. I used everything that a realist would have for the cinematography. I left out as much as I could for editing. I look back at the 1920s and 1930s films and I look at Vsevolod Pudovkin’s â€Å"The End of St. Petersburg† and I think to myself â€Å"Wow, how far we have come to make betterShow MoreRelatedThere Are Many Theoretical Perspectives Used When Examining1646 Words   |  7 Pagessurface level analysis and is more robotic when it comes to explaining stat e interactions. It does not account for domestic influences that impact the choice of the the state. It also does not account for the multiple agendas of the state, it only looks at the drive for power and decisions that revolve around that agenda. Realism is a less developed way to examine international politics because it excludes vital influences on decisions within the states. The main point of realism is that the stateRead MoreRealist Perpective on the Cuban Missile Crisis Essay834 Words   |  4 PagesThe Realist Perspective on the Cuban Missile Crisis In October of 1962, the United States and the Soviet Union reached a near-nuclear experience when in a short fourteen days; Russia was caught building nuclear missile bases in Cuba. With the Second World War just barely in the past, the United States was still on their toes making sure they were in the clear. When they sent the U-2 spy plane to monitor Cuba they found missile bases that were armed and ready to wipe out the western hemisphereRead MoreThe World Council of Churches1115 Words   |  4 Pagesthem to not make the same decisions as someone who has a personal relationship with Him. The WCC felt responsible to keep a Christian society because if they didn’t keep it that way many Christians would look at them as letting the world go to more a secular point of view. A responsible society looks like people who are well off and blessed with money and a good job should give back to the people who are not. This would consist of the people who are blessed with money to give it back to people inRead MoreRomanticism vs. Realism Essay848 Words   |  4 PagesThe main ideas of the period of Romanticism were largely based on self expression, free will and the ability to act on that will, spontaneity, individualism and the prospect to shape your own life. The thoughts of the realists pertained to more concrete aspects of the here and now and emphasize that the things that matter are unavoidable truths. In the Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, his ideas of human potential and self exploration towards becoming part of the proclaimed freedoms andRead MoreThe Iraq War Of 20031350 Words   |  6 Pageshardship and distress. Even though there are many different elements and different types of realism, Classical and Structural realism is what this e ssay will concentrate on. The Iraq War began due to the many different reasons, depending on how one looks at the reality in the depths of its eyes. Mainly, the war started because of the armed conflict in Iraq. Prior to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq s alleged possession of weapons of mass destructionRead MoreBay of Pigs and Realism1563 Words   |  7 Pagesan aggressor. The realist school of thought posits that states must look out for their own self interests in an anarchic international system; in this, states have complete sovereignty and will do what they need to in order to survive (Mingst 3). The US had an ally in former Cuban leader Batista; once he was ousted from power by Castro in the Cuban Revolution, the US not only lost an ally, but their security and their interests became endangered. As taught in lecture, realists are only concernedRead MoreActors of Foreign Policy1857 Words   |  7 Pagesthey govern, an example is when president Bush the then president of the United States during the September 11 terrorist attack decided to invade Afghanistan in 2001 and Iraq in 2003 even without the support of the legislature. In this essay we will look at two ideals, realism and liberalism as well as how these ideals play a part in foreign policy decisions which leaders take, especially depending on which ideal the specific leader believes in. Being able to understand the two ideals enables us toRead MoreThe Iraq War Of 20031350 Words   |  6 Pageshardship and distress. Even though there are many different elements and different types of realism, Classical and Structural realism is what this essay will concentrate on. The Iraq War began due to the many different reasons, depending on how one looks at the reality in the depths of its eyes. Mainly, the war started because of the armed conflict in Iraq. Prior to the war, the governments of the United States and the United Kingdom claimed that Iraq s alleged possession of weapons of mass destructionRead MoreImpressionism And Its Influence On Art716 Words   |  3 Pages In your post, please refer to both Impressionist images and earlier art to support your discussion. According to Giuntini the period of modernism began in 1850 and goes to 1960. (2015, para. 2) Moreover, Giuntini continued that it started with Realist and ended with Abstract Impressionism. Other sources say that Impressionism was the first truly modern artistic style. I am a tendency to agree with that statement that Impressionism is the first modernistic style and here is my basis. There wereRead MoreA Brief Assignment On International Organizations944 Words   |  4 Pagesthere are different perspectives in regards to this theory, realists, liberals and constructivists will generally agree that states are better off as part of an international organization than they would be if these organizations simply did not exist. When looking from the perspective of a realist, it is important to look at the idea that a realist view focuses on the potential conflict and competition that arises within politics. A realist believes that individual states are the main actors in international

Essay on Malcom - 815 Words

In Shakespeare’s production Macbeth several kings, or kings to be, are introduced: Duncan, Macbeth, Sir Edward the Confessor, and Malcolm. Malcolm although only seventeen, is far superior to the rest. His well-rounded character, words of wisdom and ability to make patient, well thought out decisions proves him the best again and again. With the help of his own personal skills and reputation Malcolm is able to take back the throne that should have been his all along. The first thing that proves Malcolm to be a good king is simply the things he says and how people listen and respond. Words of confidence, compassion, authority, and strength are passed on to fellow soldiers, friends and family. A prime example of this is when Malcolm leads†¦show more content†¦What s more Malcolm’s reputation with King Duncan saves him from almost certain death when the rebel Macdonwald kidnaps him and Duncan has him rescued. Also, even after Malcolm tells Macduff he lusts for woman and greed’s for wealth and land, he still considers him worthy to be a king and follows him into battle eventually slaying Macbeth himself. Malcolm’s reputation even effects Macbeths people to the point they would rather submit to Malcolm then listen to there own king and fight. Secondly, Malcolm compared with the other kings of Macbeth is the perfect balance of character unlike Macbeth, Malcolm is able to control his ambition and not be coaxed into bad decisions, for example Malcolm says: â€Å"Modest wisdom plucks me from over-credulous haste.† Malcolm allows himself to think carefully before making decisions, which a king can’t go without doing. Furthermore Macbeth is crushed by his own thirst for power where as Malcolm slowly takes back the throne gaining trust and allies along the way instead of making enemies and killing the innocent because of fear. Also when comparing Malcolm with Edward the Confessor and his father Duncan it seems he is the golden mean. Where his father’s weakness is, Malcolm is strong, for example Malcolm is able to deceiver Macduff and others as good or bad people, Duncan could not read Macbeth personality,Show MoreRelatedEssay Malcom X and Non-violence1008 Words   |  5 Pagespromote retaliation in the even t of violent actions taken on black-Americans during the civil rights era. He preached what any white man would have done in a black mans situation: to react when assaulted. Haley, Alex. The Autobiolography of Malcom X. Read MoreEssay on Exploring the Autobiography of Malcom X1068 Words   |  5 PagesWe declare our right on this earth...to be a human being, to be respected as a human being, to be given the rights of a human being in this society, on this earth, in this day, which we intend to bring into existence by any means necessary. These words were spoken by Malcolm X, a civil rights leader and political activist. He is also the main character, narrator, and author of the Autobiography of Malcolm X. The autobiography takes place in various cities in the United States, such as Omaha, NewRead More Malcom Xs A Homemade Education Essay744 Words   |  3 PagesMalcom Xs A Homemade Education Malcom Xs A Homemade Education tells a story of how he gained knowledge by himself and how it guided his thoughts and ideas. Reading also molded his political views. Although Malcom X is a very outspoken person about racism in America, and throughout the world, I find that he has a right to be angry, but goes a little overboard on blaming whites. The story begins when Malcom is in jail and is given a book that he cannot understand because he cant read. ThisRead MoreMalcom Xs Impacts on History Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"I don’t even call it violence when it’s in self defense; I call it intelligence.† were once words spoken from a man greatly known in the African American community. This man was Malcolm X. An expressive public speaker, with a charismatic personality, and an untiring organizer, Malcolm X expressed the pent up anger, frustration, and bitterness of African Americans during the major phase of the civil rights movement from 1955 to 1965. Malcolm X spoke of a violent revolution, which would bring aboutRead MoreEssay on Malcom Xs The Ballot of the Bullet1654 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1964, Malcolm X gave a speech entitled â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet† which described how African Americans should fight for civil-rights in America. Malcolm X emphasizes the importance of voting as a solution to ending discrimination against African Americans. He addresses both the poor voting decisions and also the denial of legitimate voting rights to African Americans. Because elections had been so narrowly decided in recent elections, the Black vote is the deciding factor in elections. WhitesRead MoreEssay Malcom X/Nation of Islam1489 Words   |  6 Pages The Nation of Islam was founded during the Great Depression in Detroit, Michigan by a silk merchant named Wallace D. Fard. He began preaching to the black community that they didn’t deserve to live in poverty, and that the white people exploited the people so much that Fard believed that this community needed their own state. Fard accumulated more than 8,000 followers who believed that Fard was actually god, in the form of man. Elijah Poole, later known as Elijah Muhammad, took over the NationRead More Martin Luther King and Malcom X Essay1666 Words   |  7 Pages When people hear the word Civil Rights Movement, two men automatically come to their minds, Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. While both these men had very different views and ideas, they also shared similarities. Part of the reason for their different views was because one was in the South and the other was in the North. Martin saw a Dream that could be fulfilled in the South and Malcolm saw a Nightmare, which would never end in the North. Martin and Malcolm were raised in very differentRead MoreEssay on Mlk Malcom X Compare/Contrast1044 Words   |  5 PagesM.L.K and Malcolm X The two most influential civil rights activists in American history were Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. They supported equal rights for every race, but when comparing MLK’s â€Å"I Have a Dream’ and Malcolm X’s â€Å"The Ballot or the Bullet,† one sees the similarities in their rhetorical styles and differences in their tone and message. As seen in â€Å"I Have a Dream,† MLK has a more civilized and peaceful solution to the nation’s problems; whereas in X’s he has a will to do whateverRead MoreWhat Matters Most in Outliers by Malcom Gladwell Essay1310 Words   |  6 Pages People may argue that Outliers by Malcolm Gladwell is all about family background and family legacies. Others may say that what mattered most is the way someone are brought up and how much time and dedication they put into a skill or goal. People may also say that all of these factors are what the book focuses on in order to be successful. The book is no t about family background, the â€Å"10,000 Hour-Rule†, or â€Å"Rice Paddies†. All of those encompass something very important, opportunity to actually applyRead MoreEssay on Malcom X: Movie and Real Life Comparison666 Words   |  3 PagesMalcolm X and Spike Lee Pushing the Limits In 1992, director Spike Lee combined his artistic vision with historical events to create the controversial and much hyped film Malcolm X, a biographical and historical account of the slain civil rights leader. Staring as Malcolm X was Denzel Washington who has been noted that this was his best role in a movie to date. As controversial as the flesh and blood Malcolm X was in life, so was the film version of his life as depicted by Lee. Lee made sure

Bristol Meyers Squibb Free Essays

Employees Appraisal System is a method used by Human Resource Administrators for them to scale their employees regarding to their working relationship with other employees and work efficiency. This was done randomly and is accomplished by surveyed employee with all honesty and secrecy. In effect the HR Administrators will decide weather such employee be given a promotion, an increase of salary or none of those will be given on the basis of merits shown by Appraisal for such employee. We will write a custom essay sample on Bristol Meyers Squibb or any similar topic only for you Order Now Well as far as we can see, such appraisal system works effectively as far as Administrative aspect is concerned but in the Developmental aspect, appraisal systems may interpret datum which are created of personal biases because of its nature which is personally answered by an employee and as from that instance the person who is the subject of the said appraisal will have no chance to defend himself from any negative feedback and impression. So in this manner we can see the weakness of an appraisal system as the results will come out in a written form as judgment and decision were already implemented over such employee. In eliminating an appraisal system will help the management to create or to formulate a new system which they could assess their employees in much interactive and creative manner, they could also exert more effort to know personally the people who works with them and n their own very eyes manager could personally assess their employees in a much personal sense with out the opinion of others that may somehow put such person into bad light. Only that, this could be a more time consuming work which could be lessen in a greater sense with the help of such appraisal system, it also may rate down the working efficiency of a company if appraisal system will not be use as there will be a numerous meetings which may interrupt the company’s official function. Lastly, it may deliver such deliberate arguments between such employees each in every meeting simply because of man’s natural differences in ideas which in the long run may result into a series of resignations because of such issues which may affect the company’s working environment. Reference: Grote, D. , Grote, R. C. (2002). The Performance Appraisal Question and Answer Book: A Survival Guide for Managers. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. How to cite Bristol Meyers Squibb, Papers

The Sweet Whisper Of Death free essay sample

Death is a grueling event that happens in everyone’s life. If it has not happened, it will. Whether those who succumb to Death are murdered, overdose on drugs, or simply die of old age, they leave one’s life forever; yet, with that loss, said individual gains insight and a lesson that they will never forget. I happen to be one of those individuals who have lost a loved one, more than one in this case and on more than one occasion. While every time Death and I met changed me greatly, such as my grandfather dying of cancer, there are two particular loved ones who have left that have changed me the most: Jack and Hank, my two best friends who allowed the Sweet Whisper of Death coax them into his deceitful hands. In seventh grade, Jack, Hank, and I were inseparable. If all three of us weren’t with each other, there was an unstoppable force preventing us from being so. We will write a custom essay sample on The Sweet Whisper Of Death or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Jack had been dating a girl named Catherine since grade school and we had adopted her into our band of misfits. At this time, Jack had an extremely difficult home life. His father was an abusive alcoholic and his mother was never home to care for him. April 23rd, 2006, Jack’s mother filed for divorce which put a huge strain on Jack that would only build. May 16th, 2006, Jack found out that his girlfriend of over three years had been cheating on him. To add additional heartbreak, the person his beloved Catherine had been committing infidelities with, was Hank. Jack was devastated. All of the stress added up from his lifetime of abuse, his parents’ divorce, and his best friend’s betrayal caused Jack to finally listen to the Sweet Whisper of Death. On May 23rd, 2006, a month before my birthday, Jack committed suicide at approximately three a.m. I had been the first to find him hanging from Catherine’s studded belt in his closet. I was traumatized and to this day I still wake up screaming. Hank, however, was grief-stricken. In his mind, he killed his best friend, and he felt as though he needed to listen to the Sweet Whisper of Death to pay his respects to Jack. June 9th, 2006, Hank hung himself with his own belt in the school bathroom, according to the bathroom pass, at approximately 11:27 a.m. I had lost my two best friends to Death within a month of each other and He was definitely coaxing me to follow them as well. At one point, I had a carving knife pressed against my wrist, but then I realized, I needed to live for them. With the death of Jack and Hank, the lesson I learned was there are two types of courage: the Courage to Live and the Courage to Die. Jack and Hank had the Courage to Die; I, however, had the Courage to Live. I decided that with my new found courage, I would not let it go to waste. I used to be a â€Å"C† student, sauntering through school, just scraping by, I wasn’t involved in any extra curricular activities, and I had not put much value to anything or anyone; now, I’m a student that gets a 3.0 grade point average every semester at the very least, I am the Arizona Brazilian Jiu Jitsu State Champion, and I treasure every moment I spend with those that I love. If I had not realized that I had the Courage to Live, I probably would have followed Jack and Hank and listened to the Sweet Whisper of Death. I know I would not have made it thus far and it is a fact that I would not have been this successful in life. I miss Jack and Hank desperately every day and at the same time, I thank them for the insight they have blessed upon me and them helping me find my courage.

Problems encountered by the female prostitute at night clubs in zamboanga city free essay sample

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The researchers would like to extend their heartfelt gratitude to the Chairperson Prof. Emerita T. Basilio for motivating and guiding their study. Big thanks to the endless effort of giving advices of Prof. Chester L. Coronel to the researcher’s study. Also, to the panel members Prof. Jose Miguel B. Alvarez, Prof. Wylen L. Lipanglipang for the support and for approving the study Without the clubs who welcomes warmly the researchers and also to the respondents in letting the researchers get more information from them, this idea would not be their study. To the researcher’s loving parent who supports them financially, to the patience they give and for understanding. To their relatives and friends who believe in their strengths. To Almighty Father, keep on reminding the researchers not to give up in trials they encountered in doing this research and guides the researcher’s way to success. Thank you and God bless. We will write a custom essay sample on Problems encountered by the female prostitute at night clubs in zamboanga city or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page DEDICATION The researchers would like to express their sincere thanks to the following person’s who’s immeasurable contributions have made possible to completion of this work worthwhile. We humbly dedicate this thesis to our loving parents for always been supporting us financially and mentally all through year. For the love, comfort, their unconditional love, the inspiration in everything we do and most especially they are the reasons why came into this far. To our friends in common and relatives who keep on encouraging us to do the best of the best that we can do in achieving our goals in the future. To our adviser and panel teachers who keep on supporting us all the way and for being our mentors in doing this study. And above of all to our Almighty Father for giving us strength and aspirations in everything we do in life, for this guidance from above why He keep surviving from all the trials and challenges that we faced and of course for this His will in making this study possible. KATRINA C. ALESNA DEDICATION This research is successful because of the people around me who give encouragement and guidance. I dedicate this message to them. To my much-loved mother Merlyn D. Vistal and my stepfather Ricardo B. Vistal support me, financially and also motivate me to pursue my studies. My beloved siblings who give inspiration, they are one of the reasons why I study hard and to finish my course. To my relatives and friends who are willing to help and support me. To our chairperson, adviser and panel members, without their help, this research would not be successful. Thank you for guiding us. To my co researchers, even it is hard for us to communicate because of the hectic schedules but this is it we come up this research. We successfully made it, without your cooperation it will not work out. To my dearly loved, you keep on reminding me to focus in my studies and not to be distracted. Giving reminders to finish this research as soon as possible and giving care during our data gathering. You are there for me always. Above all to my Almighty Father, strengthen me to do everything. Without him, I’m nothing. The unconditional loved that He extends and pouring blessings to his princess. He never leaves me. Thank you so much and God bless. Sheila Mae D. Guantero DEDICATION I sincerely dedicate my achievement to my family especially to my aunt Ananghati D. Jamaluddin and to my sister Sheara Jane L. Jamaluddin, for the financial support, care, love and patient =) and to my brother thanks for helping, guiding us in during the interview. And I would like to thanks also my friends, board mates, for their endless support and patients. And lastly to the Almighty Allah for making me strong, peace of mind, wisdom and for not losing hope. Thank you, thank you a lots=) May Allah blessed us in our next page of life. Fatima Raiza â€Å"Rayzot†=) Jamaluddin ABSTRACT This study will use survey method of research design to gather information using interview guide as an instrument to determine the socio-demographic profile and problem encountered in terms of health, dealing with costumer and policies of the establishment of the female prostitutes. The primary purpose of the study is to determine the socio-demographic profile and problem encountered in terms of health, dealing with costumer and policies of the establishment of the female prostitutes: 1. What is the socio-demographic profile of the female prostitutes? 2. What are problems encountered by the respondents in relating to their job? In terms of their: Heath Dealing with costumers Policies of the establishment POPULATION AND SAMPLING DESIGN There are 10 estimated night clubs in Zamboanga City and in every establishment there are 10 estimated female prostitutes having 100 overall. And out of 200 female prostitutes we are getting the 10% of 100 populations. vii Assumptions Most prostitutes do not spend their entire lives in the career of prostitution. Looks and physical health are eroded, if not by the life itself, then by the very process of aging. Some prostitutes marry out of the life into relatively stable family systems, while others drop out into service and related occupations, some of which are at the margins of delinquent communities. There is probably some degree of upward mobility for women who enter the life at the call girl level from backgrounds at a lower social level. Others remain in the system because they have police and prison record, still others because they are drugs addicts. The problem of how the ex-prostitute scopes with her past and learns to manage the renewed disjuncture between money and sexuality has not been studied. If she does learn to manage it, part of her capacity to do so may be due to the very alienated relationships that she has had with clients, so that they really do not count as part of her sexual past. viii MAJOR OF FINDINGS Part I- IDENTIFYING DATA This study is purposely done to identify the individual data of the female prostitutes in selected Night Clubs in Zamboanga City. Findings revealed that the most of female prostitute are belongs to the age bracket of twenty one (21) to forty (40), thus it also entailed that they have more experienced in the prostitution than other age bracket group. It also showed that majority of the female prostitutes are single, and they have chances of earning a high amount of money out of costumers they have in the night clubs. It’s because they have the advantage in terms of manpower and so collect great number of money. Furthermore, most of the respondents reach secondary level in terms of educational accomplishments, thus they end up engaging female prostitute due to lack of financial support and guidance of their parents for them to support their unlimited wants. It implies that most of the female prostitutes are Bisaya in terms of the dialect spoken which because many of them are coming from the other place belongs to the Mindanao. Thus, they can communicate effectively each of them. ix Further data showed that most of the female prostitutes earned one hundred fifty one (151) pesos to three hundred (300) pesos with a minimum salary of four thousand five hundred thirty (4530) pesos monthly. Other female prostitutes earned nine thousand (9000) pesos per month the highest salary. In a week the female prostitutes earned five hundred are (501) pesos to one thousand. Their income depends upon the number of the costumers they have entertained. Part II- PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED BY RESPONDENTS Data showed that the problem of the female prostitutes in terms of their health. It says that eighteen (18) or nineteen (19) of female prostitutes says No, and they don’t have problem about their health and two (2) or ten (10) percent says Yes. Data entailed that out of twenty (20) female prostitutes, nineteen (19) or ninety five percent they go regular check up, check up, sixteen (16) once a week, two (2) twice a week, one (1) four times a month and one or five (5) percent didn’t go regular check up. Part III- PROBLEMS IN DEALING WITH COSTUMER The data implies that the experience of the female prostitutes to their customers. Out of twenty (20) female prostitutes, fifteen (15) or seventy five (75) says No. Three (3) female prostitutes, says that they are being abused in terms of payment, two (2) of them says they are being harassed five (5) or twenty five (25) percent says Yes. x Part IV- PROBLEM ON POLICIES OF THE ESTABLISHMENT It also conveys majority of the female prostitutes are Guest Relation Officer (GRO), fifteen or twenty five (25) percent as a Massage, four (4) or twenty (20) percent as Entertainer. The data shows also that out of twenty (20) of female prostitutes, eleven (11) or fifty five (55) percent are received their salary every night, and seven (7) or thirty five (35) percent are received their salary through percentage and two (2) or ten (10) percent every week. Therefore, majority is receiving their salary every night. It implies that out of twenty (20) female prostitutes, eight (8) or ninety (90) percent allowed to live in their work and two (2) or ten (10) percent are not allowed to live in their work. Therefore, they can easily prepared and comfortable in terms of their residence. Furthermore, the data shows are minors are prohibited to have this work. Out of twenty (20) female prostitutes, eighteen (18) or ninety (90) percent are says Yes that minors are prohibited to have this work and two (2) or ten (10) percent are says No. therefore, the policy are good and safety for the minor age. The data shows that limitation in terms of costumer they are dealing with. Majority of the female prostitutes says no that they don’t have limitation in terms of costumer they are dealing with. Therefore, they can get bigger salary to support their living. xi CONCLUSION Based on the findings most of the female prostitutes based on problem statements were High School graduate only, Bisaya and have the minimum income of 150 pesos and the maximum 2000 pesos. Therefore, the researchers conclude that the majority of the respondents don’t have any problem in terms of their health if ever only few of them. Mostly once in a week they go to City Health for a regular check-up. In terms of dealing with their costumer some of them experience being harassed because sometimes the costumer was drunk and also in terms of payment they are not paid well. And lastly, in terms of policies their salary is given every night, every week and some through by percentage. They are not allowed minors to work in their clubs. The respondents entertain minimum number, only two costumers per night. And most of the respondents are Guest Relation Officer and five maximum costumers per night. xii RECOMMENDATIONS The researchers would like to recommend the following: 1. City Health- to require the female prostitutes to attend seminars and to help prevent their health from illnesses and diseases. 2. HDES- to promote awareness about illness that will get being prostitutes. 3. Barangay Officials- they should proposed that the female prostitutes should pay taxes. xiii TABLE OF CONTENTS TitlePages Preliminary Pages Title pagei Approval Sheetii Acknowledgementiii Dedicationiv-vi Abstractvii Major of Findingsviii-xi Conclusionsxii Recommendationsxiii CHAPTER I- INTRODUCTION Background of the Study1-6 Statement of the Problem Objectives7 Scope and Delimitation Significance of the Study8 CHAPTER II- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK Review of Related Literature9-12 Conceptual Framework13 Assumptions Definitions of Terms14 CHAPTER III- METHODOLOGY Research Design Locale of the Study Population and Sampling15 Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedures Data Analysis16 CHAPTER IV- PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA Part I. Socio-Demographic Profile17-21 Part II. Problems Encountered by the Respondents22-23 Part III. Problems in Dealing with their Costumers23 Part IV. Problems on Policies of the Establishment24-28 CHAPTER V- SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of Findings29-30 Conclusions31-32 Recommendations33 BIBLIOGRAPHY APPENDICES Questionnaire Photo Documentation Curriculum Vitae LIST OF TABLES TablesPages Table 1 Distribution of respondents according to Age17 Table 2 Distribution of respondents according to Civil Status17 Table 3Distribution of respondents according to Ethnicity18 Table 4 Distribution of respondents according to Highest Educational Attainment19 Table 5 Distribution of respondents according to Dialect Spoken19 Table 6 Distribution of respondents according to Income20-21 Table 7 Distribution of respondents according to Health22 Table 8 Distribution of respondents according to Regular Check up22 Table 9 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"Do you experienced having problem with your costumer? †23 Table 10 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"What kind of work? † 24 Table 11 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"How does their salary given? †25 Table 12 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"Are you allowed to leave in your work? †25 Table 13 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"Are minors are prohibited to have this work? †26 Table 14 Distribution of responses according to the question â€Å"There is a limitation in terms of costumer you are dealing with? †27-28 Chapter I INTRODUCTION Background of the Study Prostitution is a universal phenomenon that is fast spreading and it has negative effect in the societies because it influences other people. Prostitution, pornography, and other forms of commercial sex are a multibillion dollar industry. They enrich a small minority of predators, while the larger community is left to pay for the damage. (Copyright 2005 all rights reserved to SmartBiz Itd/universiTip term and essay) (Copyright 08/04/98 by Joe Parker, RN) According to Article 8, Section 14, of 2009 Revised Edition of the Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines states: â€Å"Shall protect working woman by providing safe and helpful working conditions, taking into account their maternal functions, in such facilities and opportunities that will enhance their welfare and enable them to realize their full potentials in the service of the nation†. (Brown: 1997 p. 89) The conventional of the first experience of prostitution has commonly been one of innocence betrayed or, to judge from the biographies of many former prostitutes, a severely traumatic experience. However, for the bulk of girls who enter prostitution from a background of premarital promiscuity, the transition is un-traumatic, and for some may even be an entry into a far more leisurely and less pressured way of life (Young 1964; McManus 1960, pp. 81-86)

Lubna Olayans Leadership

Lubna Olayans Leadership Major Characteristics Lubna Olayan is one of the most famous and influential women in Saudi business and all over the world. The woman has become one of the most influential people in the world since her appointment as the chief executive office of the Olayan Financing Company (Sadi Al-Ghazali, 2009, p. 1). According to Forbes magazine, this Saudi businesswoman has been the first to overcome the barriers that the Eastern women have been facing while entering the business world (Sadi Al-Ghazali, 2009, p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lubna Olayans Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In addition, Lubna Olayan is involved into the membership of the International Business Council and the International Advisory Board of the Council on Foreign Relations. Olayan is also member of the Board at the first venture organization. Judging from the above-presented description, the person possesses powerful leadership skills, because she managed to overcome the male dominance and change the attitude to women in Saudi Arabia. Challenges Faced By the Leader It is known that Jeddah Economic Forum is forbidden for women and, therefore, they have to stay in the balcony with no right to express their opinion. All they have at their disposal is the right to submit questions in the written form (Weston, 2008, p. 439). However, Ms. Olayan realized that this barrier should be overcome; otherwise, their right to freedom of speech accepted all over the world would be lost forever. She was among those brave women who managed to communicate directly with man (Weston, 2008, p. 440). While talking to men, her headscarf slipped back uncovering more of her hair. This picture was presented on the front pages of magazines and it was heavily criticized by male participants of the forum. This was a serious challenge for Ms. Olayan, but her willingness to win was overwhelming. Aside of taboos imposed on the Muslim women expressing themselves freely, there are also certain limitations imposed on women striving to work and to be promoted in professional terms. In this respect, Mr. Olayan had to overcome job instability in the country to become the head of one of the biggest multinational companies in the world (Weston, 2008, p. 439). Her speech was also connected with the fight for gender equality. Achievements of Lubna Olayan At the forum, Lubna Olayan, managed to present the most notable speech that was broadcasted on the Saudi satellite network ART (Weston, 2008, p. 440). In the speech, the businesswoman and acknowledged financer criticized the common belief that it was possible to promote technological advancement without bringing any changes to social organization. She also insisted that, if Saudi Arabia wanted changes, the progress could be achieved through the introduction of social change at different levels (Weston, 2008, p. 440). In addition to the above, Ms. Olayan has managed to achieve incredible results in business and finance and make the Arab world re-evaluate the firmly established traditions and stereotypes with regard to Muslim women and to the future of Saudi society (Sidani, 2005).Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More More importantly, Lubna Olayan has contributed greatly to presenting the new status of women in the community, which requires a significant re-assessment of existing social patterns. The dispute has been uncovered between religious and feminist movements forwarding different judgments and arguments. Leadership Characteristics of Ms. Olayan Lubna Olayan is powerful leader who has managed to overcome religious and cultural constraints and become the head of the most influential company. She is one of the richest women in the world and she one of the most influential figures ever known outside the United States. Judging from her achievement, she is a born leader who has strictly identified goals and objectives. The businesswoman also possesses efficient decision-making and problem solving skills. Olayan’s achievements also indicate the leader’s intelligence, high rate of personal energy, and clearly outlined values and beliefs. Decisiveness and self-confident have assisted the leader in coping with the problems of inequality and fighting for the female rights. Identifying Leadership Style While considering the description of Olayan’s leadership characteristics, it should be noted that the businesswomen resorts to a combination of authoritarian and democratic leadership styles. Hence, due to the fact that the leader is a good narrator and coach and she is competent in different speech, it was possible for her to motivate other subordinates to learn and advance their skills. At the same time, the leader is able to rely on workers’ decision and provide enough space for problem solving, which means that democratic means are also applicable to the case. Importantly, because Ms. Olayan has managed to achieve significant results in business management and finance, she makes use of all styles in order to handle each particular situation effectively. Conclusion It should be stated that Lubna Olayan is the brightest example of great leadership in the sphere of business management and finance. The businesswoman has managed to make a serious shift in the attitude to women in particular and Arab society in general. What is more important, she can be considered as one of the most powerful and influential leader embracing a number of effective management techniques. References Sadi, M. A., Al-Ghazali, B. M. (2009). Doing business with impudence: A focus on women entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Business Management. 4(1), 1-11.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Lubna Olayans Leadership specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sidani, Y. (2005). Women, work, and Islam in Arab societies. Women in Management Review, 20(7), 498-512. Weston, M. (2008). Prophets and princes: Saudi Arabia from Muhammad to the present. NJ: John Wiley and Sons.

Legalizing Marijuana Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Legalizing Marijuana - Research Paper Example Marijuana use has over time been seen as a danger to society as a whole thus pushing for its prohibition and due to this, it has been included in the war against drugs. However, the benefits of medical marijuana, particularly its economic benefits are eye catching and if properly channeled can be beneficial to the society today. Marijuana is the most used illegal drug- a product of the hemp plant, cannabis sativa. Cannabis is an anal flowering herb with palmate compound leafs that are used in making marijuana. Marijuana has walked with history since then, with the first recorded use of cannabis dating back to 7,000B.C. The Chinese, Egyptians, Greeks and Romans used this drug for its medicinal values since it healed stomach ailments cramps and pain.(Caulking et al 35). This drug originated from Asia and speculations have it that Napoleons troops sneaked Marijuana into Europe after discovering there was more to it than medicinal value. The Mexican immigrants then helped spread this drug across America where it was introduced for medicinal purposes. The curious Americans discovered its recreational ability when alcohol was banned and prohibited. Once the federal government imposed a ban on alcohol, marijuana became an alternative and its usage soared. In the year 1930, the U.S government and the media both collaborated in demonizing marijuana sighting it as a devil with its roots in hell. This led to the prohibition of marijuana with the government and the liquor industry formulating a movie aimed at discouraging people from the use of marijuana (Dudley 105). It is evident that the propaganda emerging about marijuana were not well researched, causing tension among its users and the government. Instead, it created problems that were more serious. Small drug offenders filled prisons to overcrowding. Besides, alleviating the problem of overcrowding jails, if marijuana were legalized and properly regulated, its users would be

New Business Venture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

New Business Venture - Essay Example In this case, it is advised to look in for a more structured form of finance rather than unstructured financing option like funds from relatives and friends. This is because structured finance has several advantages which funds from relatives may not have. 2. Decision Making: Moreover, just as in the case of "Gift Baskets", the fund giver has to be given a say in the decision making and strategic moves of the business. This may also result in delay in decision making. 3. Partnership: When one approaches a relative or friend for investment in the business, it is generally done by an offer of partnership. This means an additional person would be there to share the profits of the business. However, the other funding options do not require this. 4. No Expertise: The promoters of the business may be well aware of the industry and the market scenario. However, the relative who contributes to the business capital as an investment may not have similar expertise. This will result in hassles, when some necessary move is to be taken in the business and the relative does not agree with it. 5. Revelation of Secrets: The business happens to be the brain child of the promoters. A partner who can fund your business can as well take up your business idea and start his own business, if the matter is money. Banks are one of the known forms of funding the business financ... Let us now view a couple of structured funding options with their working and risks. Banks are one of the known forms of funding the business finance gap. However, banks are normally considered conservative lenders. One can avail long term loans for premises, machinery, furniture etc. with his choice of payment horizon or short term loans renewed per year for working capital with collateral of stock and book debts. Generally, banks prefer to fund the business on the creditworthiness of the promoter's future scope of the business and the value of the collateral. They also expect secondary collateral in the form of some asset like insurance policies, fixed deposits, land, building etc. Positives Funds happen to be less expensive Bank credit happens to build up reputation of the business A choice of variety of loans suiting business requirements. Integration is possible with other financial services No infringement in business decisions Risks Conservative covenants and condition Delay in sanction of loans Paper work and requirement of business paper fulfilling all laws High collateral or mortgage Venture Capital Venture capitalists look for funding businesses with good future prospects and have an aim of having good returns through capital appreciation. This requires a solid and clear business plan with a long term view. However, they would also intend to have certain rights of control over the business. But, it would be right to note that, it would be in the best interest of the business as they are typically intending to make good out of their investment so as to make the business flourish to give them returns on their investment. The positive side of this source of finance is the good amount of availability and the risk involved is that of

Impact of Adolescent Anxiety Disorders on Education

Impact of Adolescent Anxiety Disorders on Education An exploration of the impacts of adolescent anxiety disorders on secondary educational outcomes. The context and initial broad area / theme for study The board theme of this study is to explore the types of anxiety disorders experienced by adolescents and the impact this has on their education. The study will also look at implications of anxiety on classroom teachers looking at strategies in which they can try and reduce anxiety and improve educational outcomes. The research will then focus more sharply on school refusal. Considering the possible reasons and causes of school refusal and the impacts school refusal can have on educational, social and lifelong outcomes. The research will take a critical approach to literature already written in this area to draw out any common themes in cases of school refusal. The research will also analyse the literature to examine any practical approaches on how to encourage these pupils to attend school and improve their educational and life experiences. Review of key readings that underpin the investigation What is anxiety and what are the types of anxiety disorders? The Department of Education (2016) offers brief definitions of anxiety and the types of anxiety disorders experienced in childhood and adolescents. This is also supported by the World Health Organisation (2016) and the ICD10 diagnostic tool as well as the American Psychiatric Association Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental health (DSM-5). Anxiety is defined as an emotional disorder which has an array of symptoms including; breathlessness, fearful, irritability, panicky, fidgety, sickness, tense or having difficulty sleeping. These references will be used as a first point of call in defining and laying out the symptoms of the types of anxiety disorders experienced by adolescents and children. Criticisms of diagnostic tools mental health is a complex phenomenon in which we have relatively little understanding. The diagnostic tool is a classificatory system and Banzato (2008) states that the diagnostic categories failed to be validated and a large debate around the classifications descends around the separation of the boundaries between different disorders. This suggests that using the diagnostic tools on their own may lead to an over identification of mental health disorders, classifying behaviours that dont necessarily need to be classified will increase the diagnoses of disorders. Further criticisms as well as support of the DSM-5 has been offered by NHS England (2013) who state that there are two main interrelated criticisms, for example, during the revision process of DSM-V to the DSM-5 pharmaceutical industry had a large influence on what was to be included. In addition, the DSM-5 contributes to the medicalisation of behaviour and mood that would not necessarily have or need a diagnosis. Morris and March (2004) offers an in-depth discussion of childhood anxiety disorders including; Generalized Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia, School Refusal, Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Anxiety disorder, OCD, Panic disorder and PSD. The discussions and findings in this book are supported by Beidel and Alfano (2011). These sources will also be used in the defining of mental health disorders in children and young people. These sources also provide useful information on prevalence rates as well as the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Prevalence and statistics around anxiety in childhood and adolescents Merikangas, Et al (2010) Anxiety disorders were the most common condition (31.9%) the median age of onset for this disorder was 6 years old. Lifetime prevalence 25.1% of 13-18-year-old. Statistical difference in sex with females at 30.1% and males at 20.3%. United States. Department of Health (2015) 3.3% or about 290,000 children and young people have an anxiety disorder. Exposure to bullying is also associated with elevated rates of anxiety, depression and self-harm in adulthood. Goodman and Scott (2012) anxiety disorders, affect roughly 4-6% of the general population. Roughly 5% of referrals to child and adolescent mental health services present with refusal to attend school associated with anxiety or misery. Around 4-8% of children and adolescents have clinically signià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ cant anxiety disorders that cause substantial distress or interfere markedly with everyday life. This makes anxiety disorders the second commonest group of psychiatric disorders among children and adolescents. The effects of gender and age on prevalence vary from one anxiety disorder to another. The three most common anxiety disorders are specià ¯Ã‚ ¬Ã‚ c phobias, separation anxiety disorder and generalised anxiety disorder. Social anxiety disorder and panic disorder are less common, as is post-traumatic stress disorder. Criticism of these statistics statistics such as these have played an important role in the development of mental health policies (Banzato, 2008). However, geographical and cultural variations in the use of the diagnostic tools means comparisons across/within countries, regions and cultures is difficult (Banzato, 2008). School Refusal What is it? What causes it? Statistics surrounding it. Thambirajah et al (2008) Most children and young people go through occasional, infrequent and temporary non-attendance in school at some point in their school career. School attendance (children can be educated at home if approved by the LEA education officer) in the UK is compulsory for all young people under the age of 16 (young people under 18 have to be in some sort of Education, Training or Work). The issue of school attendance is currently at the focus of intense activity in schools, LEAs and the press. The most recent media interest surrounds the removal of children and young people from school for family holidays. This, until recently, resulted in fines given to parents/carers of these children. The term school refusal has been used to refer to the group of children who are reluctant to or fail to attend school for emotional reasons (Thambirajah et al, 2008). Thambirajah et al, (2008) clarifies the different terms used to describe different groups of children who fail to att end school, these terms are based around the core characteristics as they are currently understood by authorities and researchers and include; truancy, parentally condoned absence, school phobia, separation anxiety and school refusal. Official figures do not take school refusal into account and therefore there are no official estimates of the extent of the problem. As well as this it is hard for professionals and teachers to be aware of the problem this is due to; lack of awareness of the extent and impact of school refusal, difficulties in distinguishing school refusal from other groups, invisibility of these children, excluding medical conditions, blaming parents. Kahn and Nursten (1968) also provide an in depth analysis of the psychosocial problems that can lead to school refusal. Kearney (2008) states that there are a range of contextual risk factors as well as psychological factors can lead to school refusal and high absent rates include; homelessness and poverty, teenage pregnancy, school violence and victimisation, school climate and connectedness, parental involvement, family and community variables. Lignefeller and Hartung (2015) Discuss various statistics surrounding school refusal in the US and the factors that surround school refusal. These can include; School safety, bullying, pressure of academic achievement. The article then looks into the problems that school refuser face due to the lack of attendance. Implications and treatments for school refusal are also discussed. The findings in this article are supported by Nuttall and Woods (2013). Kearney and Bates (2005) provides a summary of the characteristics of youths with school refusal behavior and explores the common assessment and treatment methods that have been designed to curb this behavior. Kearney (2006) evaluated The School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised (SRAS-R). This is an instrument designed to evaluate the relative strength of four functional conditions of school refusal behavior in youth. Despite the presence of a small number of items that may detract from the scale, strong support was found overall for the four-factor structures of the SRAS-R-C and SRAS-R-P. These data provide support for the functional model of school refusal behavior in general and the discriminant validity of the SRAS-R in particular. School Refusal Implications Sewell (2008) states that school refusal can have significant short term and long term consequences, for example; poor academic performance, family difficulties, worsening peer relationships, academic underachievement, employment difficulties and increased risk of psychiatric illnesses. Supported by Maynard et al. (2015). School Refusal Interventions/treatments Lauchlan (2003) discusses the effectiveness of interventions and the reasons for successes and failures. There are a range of interventions and treatments for example; relaxation training, cognitive restricting or self-statement training, exposure, medication, social skills training, parent/teacher training etc. This articles provides a summary and critical analysis of the above interventions. Lingenfelter and Hartung (2015) provides a critical analysis of this and states that there is a strong focus on therapy and counselling with trying to treat school refusal behaviors. These can be supplemented with medication. Revised research question From my initial review of the literature there are clear and defined areas of research conducted in this area. However, due to the comprehensive nature of the research in this area, there seems to be a lack of clarity surrounding three particular areas. Therefore, my revised research questions are: What is known to be the main reasons behind school refusal in children and young people? What is known to be the implications for children and young peoples educational outcomes as a result of school refusal? What are the different treatment/intervention strategies for school refusers and how effective are these? Rationale for the research design For this research project I have chosen to do a systematic review of the literature. The main reasons for choosing this type of research design is the sensitive nature of the topic (anxiety disorders) and the barriers that would be placed in doing primary research with students with anxiety issues. In addition, there is already a wide selection of literature on this topic area however, there is a lack of drawing this literature together to critically analyses it from different perspectives. Systematic reviews are attempts to review and synthesis existing research in order to answer specific research/review questions (Andrews, 2005). This area has been the center of ongoing in depth research from early 1930s to the present day. The research looks into the various reasons for school refusal (although this has been acknowledged that each case is individual, there are a variety of common themes that have emerged). The research has also investigated several treatments or interventions of school refusal. However, there is little research that draws these ideas together and critically analyse them. The large amount of research in the area means that creating more primary research would be pointless, instead I believe that there is a need to draw this literature together to compare, co ntrast and analyse it and this would be more beneficial to this area of research. This idea is supported by Klaveren and Inge De Wolf (2013) who states that systematic reviews give structure to the findings of larger amounts of empirical studies and act as an informant to the reader on the results and effectiveness of previous studies. Systematic reviews are often viewed in a skeptical way, especially in the field of educational research. For example, Andrews (2005) questions the idea of reviewing research, he suggests that not all research is worth reviewing and therefore a systematic review can place importance on less significant research. In addition, Bryman (2012) states that there are suggestions of applicability of a systematic review to certain types of literature. This is due to early systematic reviews being concerned with the exploration of certain independent variables and their effects. However, Bryman (2012) also states that there has been a shift in the use of systematic reviews and that they are now considered useful tools in a range of research areas. In addition, Mulrow (1994) states that professionals, researchers and policy makers need systematic reviews to be able to efficiently integrate existing information and provide data for rational decision making. Mulrow (1994) also states that the expl icit methodology used in a systematic review limits bias and, hopefully, will improve the reliability and accuracy of the conclusions drawn. Bryman (2012) states that due to the transparency of the methodology adopted and outlined in the research, it provides a degree of replicability to the study and therefore increasing the validity and reducing the bias of the study. Due to the nature of this research, ethical issues are kept to a minimum. No human participants will be used in this research and participants from the articles analysed are already anonymised and informed consent was obtained. Additionally, there is no need to gain gatekeepers permission for the use of the articles in the study as they are available on the internet. The articles are accessed via institutional log-on but can be purchased by the public. To reduce ethical issues further I will take care to be professional in my writing/reporting for example by criticising the literature politely and in a constructive manner. References Andrews, R. (2005) The place of systematic reviews in education research, British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 53, No. 4, PP 399-416 Banzato, C. (2008) Critical evaluation of current diagnostic systems, Indian Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 50, No. 3, PP 155-157 [accessed 21/12/2016 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2738361/] Beidel, D., Alfano, C. (2011) Child Anxiety Disorders: A Guide to Research and Treatment, Routledge: London Bryman, A. (2012) Social Research Methods, Oxford University Press: New York Department of Education (2016) Mental health and behaviour in schools: Departmental advice for school staff, Department of Education: London Department of Health and NHS England (2015) Future in mind Promoting, protecting and improving our children and young peoples mental health and wellbeing, Department of Health: London Goodman, R., Scott, S. (2012) Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Wiley Sons: Chichester Kahn, J., Nursten, J. (1968) Unwillingly to School, school phobia or school refusal, a medico-social problem, Pergamon Press: Oxford Kearney, C., Bates, M. (2005) Addressing School Refusal Behaviour: Suggestions for Frontline Professionals, Children and Schools, Vol. 27, No. 4, PP 207-216 Kearney, C. (2006) Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the School Refusal Assessment Scale-Revised: Child and Parent Versions, Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, Vol. 28, No. 3, PP 139-144 Kearney, C. (2008) School absentesim and school refusal behaviour in youth: A contemporary review, Clinical Psychology Review 28, PP 451-471 Klaveren and De Wolf (2013) Systematic Reviews in Education Research: When Do Effect Studies Provide Evidence?, Working Papers 46, Top insitute for evidence based education research. Lauchlan, F. (2003) Responding to chronic non-attendance: a review of intervention approaches, Educational Psychology in Practice, Vol. 19, No. 2, PP 133-146 Lingenfelter, N., Hartung, S. (2015) School Refusal Behaviour, NASN School Nurse, Vol. 30, No. 5, PP 269-273 Maynard, B., Brendel, K., Bulanda, J., Heyne, D., Thompson A., Pigott T. (2015) Psychosocial Interventions for School Refusal with Primary and Secondary School Students: A Systematic Review, Campbell Systematic Reviews, Merikangas, K., He, J., Burstein, M., Swanson, S., Avenevoli, S., Cui, L., Benjet, C., Georgiades, K., Swendsen, J. (2010) Lifetime Prevalance of Mental Disorders in US Adolescents: Results from the National Comorbidity Study-Adolescent Supplement (NCS-A), Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Vol. 49, No. 10, PP 980-989 Morris, T., March, J. (2004) Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents, The Guildford Press: London Mulrow, C. (1994) Systematic Reviews: Rationale for systematic reviews, British Medical Journal, Vol. 309, PP 597-599 NHS England (2013) News analysis: Controversial mental health guide DSM-5, [ accessed 07/01/2017 http://www.nhs.uk/news/2013/08August/Pages/controversy-mental-health-diagnosis-and-treatment-dsm5.aspx] Sewell, J. (2008) School Refusal, Australian Family Physician, Vol. 37, No. 4, PP 406-408 Thambirajah, M., Grandison, K., De-Hayes, L. (2008) Understanding school refusal: A handbook for professionals in education, health and social care, Jessica Kingsley Publishers: London World Health Organisation (2016) International Classifications of Diseases ICD10, Neurotc, Stress-related and somatoform disorders (F40-F48) [Accessed 20/12/2016: http://apps.who.int/classifications/icd10/browse/2016/en#/F40-F48]

The Bad Side of Social Network

The bad side of social networks Social network is been lately very popular in society. Because of this all the users wants to be aware of what the other person is posting. Social network is a bad influence for most of the people because sometimes it appears windows that you don’t want to see. Social networks has changed the way people interact. In many ways, has led to positive changes in the way people communicate and share information, however, it has a bad side, as well. Social networking can sometimes result in negative outcomes, some with long-term consequences.It’s a waste of time because you don’t take advantage of your free time in some pages like games or Facebook, MySpace, Hi5, etc, while you can be reading a book or cleaning your room or whatever. You’are in diasplay to all the people, like in facebook you upload a photo of the place you are and everybody see’s where are you at. Many social networking sites regularly make changes that req uire you to update your settings in order to maintain your privacy, and frequently it is difficult to discover how enable settings for your appropriate level of privacy. Related reading: The Other Side of EmailBecause of this, many users do not realize how much private information they are allowing to become public by not re-evaluating settings every time the network makes a change. Tagging can also serve as an invasion of privacy. When social networking sites have a â€Å"tagging† option, unless you disable it, friends or acquaintances may be able to tag you in posts or photographs that reveal sensitive data. In other way it can be good to have facebook or other social network, but just for fun and reconect to old friends, like the friend in primary school that you never saw them again.But most of the time social networks are bad because is a waste of time, it can cause an addiction, and maybe cause a lot of problems. In conclussion, while social networking has clearly demonstrable negative impacts, it is most likely here to stay. Deciding whether you or your children will use social networking is an individual choice. By using it responsibly and encouraging your children to do the same, you can harness the benefits of social networking while avoiding the drawbacks.

British Art-William Blake

Though William Blake is held today as one of the premier poets of the pre-Romantic era, his contributions as a painter is often overlooked. Like his poetry, his paintings and etchings reflect his deeply held religious beliefs, as well as the many questions he had not only about faith but the nature of existence. Reflecting a sensibility that was unusual by the standards of the day, Blake’s choice of subject matter for his paintings ran from traditional biblical scenes to gothic depictions of ghouls and creatures from Hell sent to tempt and torment humanity.His illuminated printing also helped create significant depth in his poetry, adding to the impact of the words, and often reflected the same biblical concerns and reverences that Blake held for his Christian beliefs. Combining the gothic with a proto-Romantic sensibility, William Blake created art that not only reflected his religious beliefs, but also borrowed from biblical, literary, mystical, and personal inspirations to create unique art that remains as compelling as his poetry and speaks volumes of the creative genius of the man.Though many in the modern day consider William Blake one of the seminal poets of the early Romantic period, Blake he did not support himself as a poet during his life but got by on patronage and commissions for engraving and painting. His projects were most often literary and religious in nature and included the Book of Job and other scenes from the Bible; Chaucer’s Canterbury Pilgrims; Milton’s Paradise Lost and Paradise Regained.His eccentricity and imaginative intensity, which seemed like madness to more than a few of his contemporaries, came from Blake’s childhood fill by such events as beholding God’s face pressed against his window, seeing angels among the haystacks, and being visited by the Old Testament prophet, Ezekiel (Abrams, 2000, p. 36). When his brother died in 1887, Blake claimed that he saw his â€Å"released spirit ascend heave nwards, clapping its hand for joy,† and soon after, this spirit would visit him with a critical revelation of the method of â€Å"Illuminated Printing† that he would use in his major poetical works.His obscurity as a poet was due in part to the difficulty of his work after the mid-1790s but chiefly to the very limited issue of his books, a consequence of the painstaking and time-consuming process of his â€Å"Illuminated Printing. † Blake’s illuminated printing allowed him to not only publish his poetry but also create art to compliment it.The books included many etchings, most often colored in dramatic fashion, that depicted many of Blake’s religious and social concerns. He prophesized, included biblical satire and concerns, and addressed timely subjects such as the suffering he observed and the rampant state of religious hypocrisy in London. As Blake’s mythical poetic character Los said, speaking for all imaginative artists, â€Å"I must C reate a System or be enslaved by another Man’s† (Abrams, 2000, p. 27).In Songs of Innocence and of Experience, Blake reflects the increasing shift of Western society towards a more secular, independent mode of thinking. To Blake, the simple joy to be had in venturing the countryside to hear the songs of the birds is more valuable than learning science from books, or religion from the scriptures, and in his work Blake suggests that children are inherently and naturally good, and only through the systems of man are they corrupted and robbed of joy.This new faith of Blake in the natural goodness of humans contradicts the concept of the fall of Man, espousing that the malaise of modern culture is a mode of psychic disintegration and of resultant alienation from oneself, one’s world, and one’s fellow human beings (Abrams, 2000, p. 39). To Blake, like later poets of the Romantic age, the only hope of recovery for humanity rested in reintegration into the social and natural worlds, as well as adherence to the incorruptible word of God.In Songs of Innocence, Blake combines many of his social and religious views into an etching accompanying his poem, â€Å"The Little Black Boy. † In some copies, Blake tinted the black boy’s skin as light as the English boy’s, while in others he colored them differently; while the heavenly scene that Blake depicts shows both boys sheltered by a tree and welcomed by Christ, it also puts the black boy outside of the inner circle formed by the curve of Christ’s body and the praying English boy.Blake depicted the racism of London by showing the little black boy as not a part of the configuration of the prayer, but rather a witness to it, stroking the hair of the English boy who has no regard for him (Abrams, 2000, p. 45). By depicting the innocent scene with Christ as he does, Blake is showing how Christian society often excludes those that do not fit the right social criteria. This uni que aspect of Blake’s religiousness was one of the main precursors to the spirit of freedom and equality that would come to dominate the Romantic era.Blake hoped to reach a wider audience with a private exhibition of his illustrations in 1809, but his adventurous originality, coupled with his cantankerous and combative personality, left him largely ignored, except by a few harsh critics. At the time of his death in 1827, he was impoverished and almost entirely unknown except to a small group of younger painters, and only decades after his life did interest begin to grow in his literary and artistic contributions.The overwhelming theme in the works of Blake is religion. During his life, Blake declared that â€Å"all he knew was in the Bible† and that â€Å"The Old and New Testaments are the Great Code of Art. † This is an exaggeration of the truth that all his religious and prophetic art deals with some aspects of the overall biblical plot of the creation and the Fall, the history of the generations of humanity in the fallen world, redemption, and the promise of a recovery of Eden and of a New Jerusalem (Abrams, 2000, p. 37).Though Blake spent considerable time on his illuminated printing, his continuous experimentation with form and artistic expression led to a series of large color prints of massive size and iconic designs. Though no commission or public exhibition is recorded, and the exact intensions of the artist and the works’ creation remain unknown, the prints continue to reflect Blake’s literary and biblical concerns, featuring twelve designs with subjects drawn from the Bible, Shakespeare, Milton, and Enlightenment subjects such as Newton (Barker, 2004).Once again, Blake treads the fine line between religious faith and faith in humanity to understand existence and create magnificent works of beauty. However, unlike many of the artists that would follow him, Blake’s art displayed many of his preferences for the medieval and gothic art of the centuries prior. Blake was not alone in his interest in gothic culture, and a great gothic revival swept through England, Europe, and North America towards the end of the eighteenth century.Often reflected best in the dramatic spires of architectural creations of the time, Blake saw these architectural and sculptural accomplishments as the perfect embodiment of his artistic ideal, where spirituality and aesthetic values were inseparable (Tate Britain, 2008). To Blake, the spiritual attributes of the gothic revival reflected the height of creative expression, and his art included many characteristics of the gothic style. In his engraving, Joseph of Arimathea among the Rocks of Albion helps express some of his Christian gothic ideals.The picture depicted the legendary figure that supposedly brought Christianity, as well as art to Blake, to ancient Britain, and Joseph is depicted as a melancholic artist reflective of Blake’s ideals (Tate Britain, 2008). Though Blake described his technique as â€Å"fresco,† it was more of a form of monotype which used oil and tempera paints mixed with chalks, painted onto a flat surface such as a copperplate or piece of millboard, and he simply pulled prints by pressing a sheet of paper against the damp paint, often finishing designs in ink and watercolor to make them each unique (Barker, 2004).Blake’s talent for painting religious icons caught the attention and won the patronage of Thomas Butts, who would become one of Blake’s biggest supporters. Using the Bible as he key source of inspiration, between 1799 and 1805, Blake produced one-hundred thirty-five watercolors and paintings for Butts; Blake used the Bible not merely as a historical, spiritual, and literary guide, but also the fundamental source of all human knowledge, even of the future (Tate Britain, 2008).In the religious paintings Blake produced for Butts, he employed the tempera technique believing it to be r epresentative of the spiritual art of the medieval times that inspired the gothic revival. Using his own symbolism in many of the religious scenes he depicts, Blake incorporates many of the Enlightenment ideals into his scenes. In one depiction of Christ, Blake depicts him as holding a compass, as meant to signify the predomination of reason, and shown in his other works, most famously in his portrayal of Isaac Newton (Tate Britain, 2008).Blake’s gothic style was also incorporated in his highly stylized religious subjects like The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in the Sun, which come directly from the Book of Revelation. Along with his depictions of Chaucer’s pilgrims and Dante’s themes of Catholicism, Blake continued to depict religion in his work until his death. Though William Blake is considered a precursor to the humanism and natural passion of the Romantic era, his religious beliefs dominated much of his work and his life.Unlike many religious arti sts, Blake retained his own unique views of religion, and did not shy away from depicting its flaws and misinterpretations. However, Blake continued to see the goodness of religion, as well as humanity, and did his best to combine the elements of the real world with that of the spiritual world. And, while Blake is still considered more of a poet than for his achievements in painting and etching, the complete picture of the artist is not complete without knowing his accomplishments in each art form, and understanding the importance that religion played in inspiring their creation.REFERENCES Abrams, M. H. (2000). William Blake: 1757-1827. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 7th Ed. Vol. 1. New York: W. W. Norton & Company. Barker, E. E. (2004, October). William Blake (1757–1827). Timeline of Art History. New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art. Retrieved April 22, 2008, from http://www. metmuseum. org/toah/hd/blke/hd_blke. htm Tate Britain. (2008). William Blake. Retri eved April 22, 2008, from http://www. tate. org. uk/britain/exhibitions/blake/blakethemes2. htm

Gender Differences From Comparative Optimism - 1378 Words

This article shows gender differences from comparative optimism comparing it to personal optimism for experiencing a happy marriage or avoiding divorce depending if it was optimism or comparative optimism. The articles used four samples using unmarried college students compared it to men and women as the result it indicated that men have a greater comparative optimism than women when it comes to a happy marriage but not when it comes to divorce. Then when it came to personal optimism men also result greater with having a happy marriage and avoiding divorce. The article than examined whether people who experienced parents that had a divorce would result differently with comparative optimism, personal reasoning of a happy marriage or avoiding divorce for men and women. The results were examined also on risk recognition and gender differences when it came to romantic relationship between men and women. Malachi 2:16 gives a clear understanding that God hates divorce. In comparison to the research that was examined it’s important that we value marriage from a Christian point of view and not a worldly view. Will I Divorce or Have a Happy Marriage? : Gender Differences in Comparative Optimism and Estimation of Personal Chances Among U.S. College Students The Summary This article shows gender differences from comparative optimism comparing it to personal optimism for experiencing a happy marriage or avoiding divorce depending if it was optimism or comparative optimism. ResearchShow MoreRelatedEvidence Based Diagnostic Radiography : Theoretical Perspectives And The Research Process1017 Words   |  5 PagesWith regard to the articles being analysed, (Mackay et al. 2012 and Carlsson and Carlsson 2013) a discussion between the different theoretical perspectives and types of data acquired during the research process will be explored. 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